DFREC — Digital Forensic Research & Expertise CenterForensic Psychology

01 · Neuro Signature System

N.S.S. for BEOS

Brain Electrical Oscillation Signature profiling. The instrument that detects whether a person remembers taking part in an event.

InputScalp EEG through a multi-channel sensor cap
StimulusAuditory probes · the subject listens in silence
OutputAutomated forensic report
N.S.S. for BEOS — Neuro Signature System

02 · The basis · Memory

Remembering is not the same as knowing.

The brain stores an experience it took part in differently from a fact it read or heard. BEOS looks for the signature of that first-hand experience: Experiential Knowledge.

Conceptual knowledgeRead it, watched it, heard about it
Experiential knowledgeDid it, was there, remembers it
ResolutionEEG follows the brain at millisecond level

03 · The basis · Auditory pathway

One sentence. Nine stages. Every stage tracked.

A probe is a short first-person sentence played to the subject. The system follows its processing from the ear to remembrance.

ProbeFirst person · subject's own language · prerecorded
SubjectEyes closed · silent · no response
  1. 01Ears hear the probe
  2. 02Sound becomes electrical impulses
  3. 03Impulses reach the auditory region
  4. 04Impulses are processed
  5. 05Words are identified
  6. 06Words become sentences
  7. 07Sentences derive meaning
  8. 08Meaning triggers processing
  9. 09Processing triggers memories

04 · The technology · Classification

Each probe is classified by the neural process it evokes.

Time- and frequency-domain analysis of the oscillations after every probe. Experiential Knowledge is the fourth stage.

Also detectedActivation suppression: an active effort not to listen
  1. 01InattentionProbe not registered
  2. 02Primary processingHeard and registered
  3. 03EncodingMeaning processed
  4. 04Encoding++Attention turns inward · source memory accessed
  5. 05Experiential KnowledgeMemory trace retrieved
  6. 06Emotional responseArousal during recall

05 · The test · Under one hour

Cap on. Eyes closed. Just listen.

The subject sits alone in a quiet room wearing the sensor cap, connected to a battery-powered Signal Processing Unit isolated by fibre optics.

SafetyBattery supply · mains-isolated · fibre optics
RoomNo shielding, no special environment
OperatorPolice or security investigators
  1. 01Fit the sensor capWorn like a swimming cap
  2. 02Baseline · eyes closed3 min
  3. 03Baseline · eyes open3 min
  4. 04Auditory probesStory-like narrative
  5. 05Automated analysisNo human intervention
  6. 06ReportPrinted · tamper-proof

06 · The lab · NFSU Gandhinagar

A lab built for silence.

A sound-treated subject room, an observation window and the examiner's console: the BEOS laboratory at the National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar.

Entrance · BEOS Lab
Entrance · BEOS Lab
Subject room
Subject room
Examiner console
Examiner console

07 · The report · Scenarios

Scenarios, not single probes.

Related probes are grouped into Scenarios of five to ten. A Scenario is significant when two or more probes carry Experiential Knowledge.

IndicatesPlanning vs execution · role within a group
No EKNo related experience
Scenario A · Planning
Significant
Scenario B · Execution
Significant
Scenario C · Alibi
Not significant
Experiential KnowledgeEncoding++EncodingPrimary processing

08 · Validated · Field-proven

In service since 2003.

Independently validated by a Government of India study. Used by government forensic laboratories, with reports submitted to courts as corroborative evidence.

Case typesTerrorism · murder · fraud · narcotics · smuggling · theft
UsersForensic labs · police · intelligence · immigration · anti-narcotics
PoliceSensitive postsCriminal casesFinancial fraudSmugglingNarcoticsBanned substancesTerrorist screeningTraffickingSuspect screeningEspionageCoupsMilitaryNational security
91%Sensitivity
94%Specificity
110Participants · TIFAC–DST study, 2008
900+Judicial cases
2010Supreme Court of India permits BEOS as an aid to investigation
<1 hFrom test to report